Histology Scoring System for Murine Cutaneous Wounds.

Monitoring wound progression over time is a critical aspect for studies focused on in-depth molecular analysis or on evaluating the efficacy of potential novel therapies. Histopathological analysis of wound biopsies can provide significant insight into healing dynamics, yet there is no standardized and reproducible scoring system currently available. The purpose of this study was to develop and statistically validate a scoring system based on parameters in each phase of healing that can be easily and accurately assessed using either Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) or Masson's Trichrome (MT) staining. These parameters included re-epithelization, epithelial thickness index, keratinization, granulation tissue thickness, remodeling, and the scar elevation index. The initial phase of the study was to (1) optimize and clarify healing parameters to limit investigator bias and variability; (2) compare the consistency of parameters assessed using H&E versus MT staining. During the validation phase of this study, the accuracy and reproducibility of this scoring system was independently iterated upon and validated in four different types of murine skin wound models (Excisional; punch biopsy; pressure ulcers; burn wounds). A total of n = 54 histology sections were randomized, blinded, and assigned to two groups of independent investigators (n = 5 per group) for analysis. The sensitivity of each parameter (ranging between 80% and 95%) is reported with illustrations on the appropriate assessment method using ImageJ software. In the validated scoring system, the lowest score (score:0) is associated with an open/unhealed wound as is evident immediately and within the first day postinjury, whereas the highest score (score:12) is associated with a completely closed and healed wound without excessive scarring. This study defines and describes the minimum recommended criteria for assessing wound healing dynamics using the SPOT skin wound score. The acronym SPOT refers to the academic and scientific institutions that were involved in the development of the scoring system, namely, Stellenbosch University, Polish Academy of Sciences, Obatala Sciences, and the University of Texas Southwestern.

Dysregulated healing responses in diabetic wounds occur in the early stages postinjury.

Chronic wounds are a serious and debilitating complication of diabetes. A better understanding of the dysregulated healing responses following injury will provide insight into the optimal time frame for therapeutic intervention. In this study, a direct comparison was done between the healing dynamics and the proteome of acute and obese diabetic wounds on days 2 and 7 following injury. Full thickness excisional wounds were induced on obese diabetic (B6.Cg-lepob/J, ob/ob, n = 14) (blood glucose 423.25 ± 127.92 mg/dL) and WT control (C57BL/6J, n = 14) (blood glucose 186.67 ± 24.5 mg/dL) mice. Histological analysis showed no signs of healing in obese DM wounds whereas complete wound closure/re-epithelisation, the formation of granulation tissue and signs of re-vascularisation, was evident in acute wounds on day 7. In obese DM wounds, substance P deficiency and increased MMP-9 activity on day 2 coincided with increased cytokine/chemokine levels within wound fluid. LC-MS/MS identified 906 proteins, of which 23 (Actn3, Itga6, Epb41, Sncg, Nefm, Rsp18, Rsp19, Rpl22, Macroh2a1, Rpn1, Ppib, Snrnp70, Ddx5, Eif3g, Tpt1, FABP5, Cavin1, Stfa1, Stfa3, Cycs, Tkt, Mb, Chmp2a) were differentially expressed in wounded tissue on day 2 (P < 0.05; more than two-fold) and 6 (Cfd, Ptms, Hp, Hmga1, Cbx3, Syap1) (P < 0.05; more than two-fold) on day 7. A large number of dysregulated proteins on day 2 was associated with an inability to progress into the proliferative stage of healing and suggest that early intervention might be pivotal for effective healing outcomes. The proteomic approach highlighted the complexity of obese DM wounds in which the dysregulation involves multiple regulatory pathways and biological processes.